UDC

81’36(811.161.1:811.512.31)

DOI

1 0.17238/issn2227-6564.2019.4.62

Authors

Viktoriya M. Egodurova
Buryat State University named after D. Banzarov; ul. Smolina 24-a, Ulan-Ude, 670000, Russian Federation; e-mail: egodurova52@mail.ru

Abstract

This article compares the verb categories of voice realizing the subject-object relations in a sentence in the Russian and Buryat languages. The common basis of the lexical-grammatical category of voice as a linguistic universal was revealed; verb forms corresponding to different voices in the compared languages were determined. In both languages, the category of voice is formed by the active–passive voice opposition. Further, the semantic peculiarities of the voice forms of Russian and Buryat verbs were compared. In these two languages, active-voice verbs can be both derivative and nonderivative, denoting actions as directed from the subject and passing over to the object (transitive verbs); in some constructions the subject simultaneously acts as an object of the action (intransitive verbs). Derivative active-voice verbs in the Russian language are reflexive intransitive verbs with the derivational suffix -ся. Derivative active-voice verbs in the Buryat language are verbs with the following derivational suffixes: with the hortatory (-уул), mutual-reciprocal (-лса, -лсэ, -лсо), and reciprocal-reflexive (-лда, -лдэ, -лдо) meanings. Verbs in the passive voice in the Russian and Buryat languages denote passive actions. These are the intransitive verbs, which are formed from transitive verbs with the help of suffixes. In Russian, these are reflexive verbs with the inflectional suffix ‑ся. In the Buryat language, passive-voice verbs can be both derivative (formed using the derivational suffix -уул with the hortatory meaning) and non-derivative (formed using the inflectional suffixes -гда, -гдэ, -гдо). In the category of voice in these two languages, the grammatical (morphological and syntactic), lexical and word-building meanings are closely intertwined and manifested in different ways due to the specificity of the inflected (Russian) and agglutinative (Buryat) types of language. This article characterizes both universal and distinctive features of the semantics and ways of expressing the category of voice in the Russian and Buryat languages.

Keywords

Russian language, Buryat language, subject-object relations, category of voice, derivational suffix, inflectional suffix

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