UDC

124.2+165

Authors

Ekaterina V. Grigorenko
Siberian Federal University; prosp. Svobodnyy 82a, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russian Federation;
e-mail: evgphil@mail.ru

Abstract

This article explores the basic ideas and principles of grammar. We infer here that grammatical models were formed in philosophy and are aimed at addressing the basic question of philosophy, i.e. the correlation between names and things. This proposition offers a variety of options of describing and understanding reality. In his grammatical model, Plato presents the development of concepts aimed at exact correspondence to things and expressed through the establishment of a certain combination of letters and syllables. Aristotle expresses grammar through the analysis of voiced speech, characterized by connecting verbs and prepositions aimed to express either truth or falsity of the judgments. He emphasizes that the meaning and value of judgments are constantly changing and depend on the place and time. The grammatical models of St. Thomas Aquinas and Nicholas of Cusa are focused on the study and formation of grammatical universals describing the object. St. Thomas Aquinas develops a grammar characterized by the formation of God-given concepts, which, however, can have different meanings depending on the situation and perception of events by a person. The grammatical model of Nicholas of Cusa aimed to formulate concepts accurately describing the objects. These concepts have to be multidimensional in nature and depend on the constantly changing perceptions of the objects by the subjects. The grammatical model of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz presents a completely different solution to the basic question of philosophy, which is expressed in the development of precise concepts within formulas that accurately describe and characterize the objects. Antoine Arnauld and Claude Lancelot, authors of the General and Rational Grammar, consider it to be a universal system characterizing the reality with the help of various parts of speech and at the same time taking into account the situation and all the changes occurring in the world. Wilhelm von Humboldt creates his grammar by analysing the word which gives an accurate description of the object in question. Thus, grammatical models are aimed at exact description and understanding of reality by developing and implementing concepts for its investigation.

Keywords

Plato, Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, Nicholas of Cusa, main question of philosophy, grammatical model

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