UDC

582.536.15-114:504.45.054-034

Authors

Krylova Elena Gennad’evna
I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences Borok settl., Nekouz district, Yaroslavl region, 152742, Russian Federation;
e-mail: panova@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru
Lapirov Aleksandr Grigor’evich
I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences Borok settl., Nekouz district, Yaroslavl region, 152742, Russian Federation;
e-mail: lapir@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru
Berdnik Kseniya Aleksandrovna
Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya nab., 7–9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation;
e-mail: ksyusha-berdnik@yandex.ru

Abstract

Micro dozes of some heavy metals, including nickel and copper, are vital. However, they have a negative effect on the development of plants if the concentration of their available forms exceeds a certain limit. The plant response at their effect on the most important and sensitive initial stages of ontogeny is of particular interest. The article presents the results of studying the effect of nickel and copper acetates in concentrations of 1–1000 mg/l on the germination of achenes and the initial stages of the seedling development of a hygrophyte Bidens cernua. The experiment proved the resistance of the achene germination to the effect of the studied salts, as they did not cause a complete inhibition of the germination and the toxicity limit was not identified for it. Threshold concentrations at which a toxic effect of the investigated salts appeared were determined: for nickel acetate – 25 mg/l, for copper acetate – 50 mg/l. At high concentrations (500–1000 mg/l) copper acetate was more toxic than nickel acetate. This fact is proved out by a significant decrease of the laboratory germination and changes in the germination behavior. After the root emergence through the achene covers, the seedling development was observed in the solutions with concentrations of 1–25 mg/l of nickel acetate and 1–100 mg/l of copper acetate. Thus, the inhibition of the ontogenetic development of plants was observed at lower concentrations of nickel acetate (10–25 mg/l) in comparison with copper acetate (50–100 mg/l). Meanwhile, both metals inhibited the development of the main root, significantly reduced the sizes of adventitious roots and hypocotyl, and caused a color change of the cotyledons. Decreasing the chlorophyll content in the leaves appeared in the form of chlorosis. The herb growth was more resistant to the effect of acetates (especially, of copper acetate) in comparison with the growth of the main root.

Keywords

Bidens cernua, nickel acetate, copper acetate, seed germination, seedling development

References

1. Krylova E.G. Vliyanie soley nikelya, medi i tsinka na prorastanie semyan i nachal’nye etapy ontogeneza porucheynika shirokolistnogo (Sium latifolium L.) i kamysha lesnogo (Scirpus sylvaticus L.) [Influence of Nickel, Copper and Zinc Salts on Seed Germination and the Initial Stages of Ontogenesis of Water Parsnip (Sium latifolium L.) and Woodland Bulrush (Scirpus sylvaticus L.)]. Biologiya vnutrennikh vod [Inland Water Biology], 2011, no. 4, pp. 72–78.
   
2. Krylova E.G. Vliyanie sul’fatov nikelya i medi na nachal’nye etapy ontogeneza predstaviteley roda Scirpus (Cyperaceae) [Effect of Nickel and Copper Sulfate at the Initial Stages of Ontogenesis of the Genus Scirpus (Cyperaceae) Species]. Toksikologicheskiy vestnik [Toxicological Review], 2012, no. 6, pp. 39–42.
   
3. Krylova E.G. Vliyanie razlichnykh kontsentratsiy sul’fata nikelya na prorastanie semyan Lysimachia vulgaris (Primulaceae) [The Effect of Different Concentrations of Nickel Sulfate on the Seed Germination of Lysimachia vulgaris (Primulaceae)]. Rastitel’nye resursy, 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 390–394.
   
4. Markov M.V., Klyuchnikova N.M. Geterokarpiya i nekotorye drugie biologicheskie osobennosti populyatsionnoy biologii dvukh vidov iz roda Bidens L. (Compositae) [Heterocarpy and Some Other Biological Features of Population Biology of Two Species of the Bidens L. (Compositae) Genus]. Byullyuten’ Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody. Otdel biologii [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series], 1994, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 89–94.
   
5. Brändel M. The Role of Temperature in the Regulation of Dormancy and Germination of Two Related Summer- Annual Mudflat Species. Aquatic Botany, 2004, vol. 79, pp. 15–32.
   
6. Krylova E.G., Berdnik K.A., Lapirov A.G. Vliyanie khloridov nikelya i medi na nachal’nye etapy ontogeneza Bidens cernua (Asteraceae) [Influence of Nickel and Copper Chlorides in the Initial Stages of Ontogenesis of Bidens cernua (Asteraceae)]. Rastitel’nye resursy, 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 227–235.
   
7. Krylova E.G., Vasil’eva N.V. Prorastanie semyan i razvitie prorostkov predstaviteley roda Bidens (Asteraceae) v rastvorakh sul’fata medi [Seed Germination and Seedling Development of the Genus Bidens (Asteraceae) Species in a Copper Sulfate Solution]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal], 2011, no. 352, pp. 207–210.
   
8. Krylova E.G., Vasil’eva N.V. Deystvie sul’fata nikelya na nachal’nye etapy ontogeneza rasteniy trekh vidov roda Bidens (Asteraceae) [Effect of Nickel Sulphate on the Initial Stages of Plant Ontogenesis of Three Species of the Genus Bidens (Asteraceae)]. Rastitel’nye resursy, 2011, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 65–71.
   
9. Lapirov A.G. Vliyanie nekotorykh tyazhelykh metallov na prorastanie semyan i razvitie prorostkov Alisma plantago-aquatica (Alismataceae) i Bidens tripartita (Asteraceae) [Influence of Some Heavy Metals on Seed Germination and Seedling Development of Alisma plantago-aquatica (Alismataceae) and Bidens tripartita (Asteraceae)]. Rastitel’nye resursy, 2008, no. 4, pp. 98–106.
   
10. Yusuf M., Fariduddin Q., Hayat S., Ahmad A. Nickel: an Overview of Uptake, Essentiality and Toxicity in Plants. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2011, vol. 86, iss. 1, pp. 1–17.
    
11. Ivanov Yu.V., Savochkin Yu.V., Shumeyko E.V., Kuznetsov Vl.V. Realizatsiya rannego etapa ontogeneza sosny obyknovennoy na fone toksichnykh kontsentratsiy ionov medi [The Implementation of the Early Stage of Ontogenesis of Scots Pine on the Background of Toxic Concentrations of Copper Ions]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya [Tomsk State University Journal. Biology], 2013, no. 1(21), pp. 103–117.
    
12. Hänsch R., Mendel R.R. Physiological Functions of Mineral Micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2009, vol. 12, iss. 3, pp. 259–266.
    
13. Seregin I.V., Kozhevnikova A.D. Fiziologicheskaya rol’ nikelya i ego toksicheskoe deystvie na vysshie rasteniya [Physiological Role of Nickel and Its Toxic Effect on the Higher Plants]. Fiziologiya rasteniy, 2006, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 285–308.
    
14. Markov M.V., Klyuchnikova N.M. Biologicheskaya flora Moskovskoy oblasti [The Biological Flora of Moscow Region]. Moscow, 1997, no. 13. 237 p.
    
15. Rozentsvet O.A., Murzaeva S.V., Gushchina I.A. Akkumulyatsiya medi i ee vliyanie na metabolizm belkov, lipidov i fotosinteticheskikh pigmentov v list’yakh Potamogeton perfoliatus L. [Accumulation of Copper and Its Effect on the Metabolism of Proteins, Lipids and Photosynthetic Pigments in the Leaves of Potamogeton perfoliatus L.]. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN [Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences], 2003, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 305–311.
    
16. Alekseeva-Popova N.V. Ustoychivost’ k tyazhelym metallam dikorastushchikh vidov [Resistance of Wild Species to the Heavy Metals]. Leningrad, 1991. 214 p.
    
17. Demidchik V.V., Sokolik A.I., Yurin V.M. Toksichnost’ izbytka medi i tolerantnost’ k nemu rasteniy [The Excess Copper Toxicity and Plant Tolerance]. Uspekhi sovremennoy biologii [Biology Bulletin Reviews], 2001, vol. 121, no. 5, pp. 511–525.
    
18. Nesterova A.N. Deystvie tyazhelykh metallov na korni rasteniy [The Effect of the Heavy Metals on the Roots of Plants]. Biologicheskie nauki, 1989, no. 9(309), pp. 72–86.
    
19. Titov A.F., Talanova V.V., Laydinen G.F., Kaznina N.M. Vliyanie tyazhelykh metallov na rasteniya: ekologofiziologicheskie aspekty [The Impact of the Heavy Metals on Plants: Ecological and Physiological Aspects]. Nazemnye i vodnye ekosistemy Severnoy Evropy: Upravlenie i okhrana [Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems of the Northern Europe: Management and Protection]. Petrozavodsk, 2003, pp. 152–157.
    
20. Levina E.M. Obshchaya toksikologiya metallov [General Toxicology of Metals]. Moscow, 1972. 184 p.