Authors

Abstract

Humus acids as a part of the organic matter are an important soil element. The quality of humus acids affects on pollutants of various nature, including heavy metals. The article discusses the structural and functional composition of soil humus acids in the Euro-Arctic Region, which was investigated by the IR spectroscopy. The methylene (−СН₂), carboxyl (−СООН), alcohol (−ОН), thiocarbonyl (−С=S), amine (−NH₂) and amido (−СОNH₂) groups are identified in the molecules of these acids. The qualitative analysis of IR spectroscopy suggests that humic and hymatomelanic acids have maximum complexing ability in reference to heavy metals. The quantitative assessment of the functional composition of humus acids was made by calculating the ratio of optical densities of certain absorption bands. We defined the increase in the relative size of humic acid molecules and their ecoprotective function in relation to heavy metals in a series of fulvic acid → humic acids → hymatomelanic acids by means of branch aliphatic side-chains and increasing the number of carbohydrate components. Largely, the barrier function is performed by humic acids isolated from the typical noncalcic loamy gley soils (Vaigach). The analyzed soils according to the barrier function of humic acids, isolated of them, can be arranged in the following series: typical noncalcic loamy gley soil > humus peat oligotrophic soil > gray humous iron sandy lithozem > gleyish easy loamy pelosi on loamy moraine.

Keywords

References

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